1. Land Distributions
   1. Burwell Ritter
      1. Democrat, 1866, KY; in favor of returning land to pre-war conditions, argues that Congress has no constitutional right to confiscate land from owners against Stevens
      2. He fought against Freedmen's Bureau, thought that slaves don't need the land, they can't take the land away from white people
   2. Thaddeus Stevens
      1. Radical Republican who was in favor of harsh reconstruction and was a member of the US house of representatives; helped pass the 14th amendment.
      2. He fought for the Freedmen's Bureau, thought the South should pay more reparations
      3. Locke supports b/c he believes that we own our bodies and therefore our work
2. Government
   1. Hiram Revels
      1. In Jan 1870 he was the first AA elected to the US Senate, from Mississippi. Advocated for desegregation in school and railroads
   2. Blanche Bruce
      1. born into slavery and represented Mississippi as a Republican in the United States Senate from 1875 to 1881. He was the first elected African-American senator to serve a full term
   3. PBS Pinchback
      1. First black person to become a governor of state.
   4. Robert E Elliott
      1. Robert B. Elliott was one of the South's best black politicians during Reconstruction
      2. Spoke about "equality over law" in one of his most famous speeches delivered to Congress supporting a bill that became the Civil Rights Act of 1875
         1. Outlawed racial discrimination in transportation and places of public accommodation like theaters and hotels
3. Civil Rights
   1. Booker T. Washington
      1. Civil rights activist Born enslaved (1856) Philosopher, writer
      2. Self-educated-worked while attending school Attended Hampton Institute and Wayland Seminary
      3. 1895 – Atlanta Compromise Industrial Education for the Negro 1901 – Up From Slavery
      4. Self-sufficiency Black economic freedom Gain acceptance through skill and labor Didn’t really support integration
      5. Encouraged that people give up the fight for social equality and focus on getting educated
      6. Compromise = progress
      7. 1881 – Tuskegee Institute
   2. W.E.B. DuBois
      1. Civil Rights activist Born free (1868) Sociologist, Writer, Educator
      2. Access to formal education: Attended Fisk and Harvard—also studied in Europe
      3. 1899 – The Philadelphia Negro 1903 – The Souls of Black Folk 1903 – The Negro Problem
      4. “Talented Tenth” Supported integration “Double consciousness”
      5. Encouraged that people continue the fight for true equality
      6. Compromise ≠ progress
      7. 1905 – Niagara Movement (black elites) 1909 – NAACP
4. Marcus Garvey
   1. creator of Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)
   2. strong advocate of Black Nationalism
   3. founded the Black Star Line, which promoted the return of the African Americans to their original homeland